The Complexity of the Language A
نویسنده
چکیده
In this paper we analyze the complexity of the language A pro posed in to formalize properties of actions We prove that the general language is NP complete thus intractable and show some tractable polynomial subclasses of it We also show how states that are unreachable a ect the semantics of the language
منابع مشابه
The effect of language complexity and group size on knowledge construction: Implications for online learning
This study investigated the effect of language complexity and group size on knowledge construction in two online debates. Knowledge construction was assessed using Gunawardena et al.’s Interaction Analysis Model (1997). Language complexity was determined by dividing the number of unique words by total words. It refers to the lexical variation. The results showed that...
متن کاملThe Effect of Task Complexity on EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing Task Performance
This study examined the effects of task complexity on written narrative production under different task complexity conditions by EFL learners at different proficiency levels. Task complexity was manipulated along Robinson’s (2001b) proposed task complexity dimension of Here-and-Now (simple) vs. There-and-Then (complex) in. Accordingly, three specific measures of the written narratives were targ...
متن کاملThe Relationship between EFL Learners’ Anxiety and Writing Complexity
Abstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between EFL learners’ anxiety and writing complexity. For the purpose of the study, 70 female learners, between 17 and 24 years old (mean=20) from Najm language school in Tehran participated in the study. The participants’ level of anxiety was measured using Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’s Anxiety Questionnaire (1986) and th...
متن کاملThe effects of task complexity on Chinese learners’ language production: A synthesis and meta-analysis
The present meta-analysis was conducted to provide a quantitative measure of the overall effects of task complexity on Chinese EFL learners’ language production. Based on the strict inclusion criteria, 12 primary studies were synthesized according to key features. Eleven of them were meta-analyzed to investigate effects of raising the resource-directing task comple...
متن کاملDifferent Task Complexity Factors and Cognitive Individual Differences: The Effects on EFL Writers’ Performance
This study aimed at examining the main and interaction effects of increased intentional reasoning demands, planning time, and also language learning aptitude on syntactic complexity, accuracy, lexical complexity, and fluency (CALF) of 226 EFL learners’ performance on letter writing tasks. The participants were first randomly assigned to three experimental groups to be given a task with differin...
متن کاملTask Complexity Manipulation and EFL learners’ interactions in the process of collaborative pre-planning
Today, learners’ interaction and collaborative task performance have attracted increasing attention from language teachers and researchers. The present study investigated whether collaborative pre-planning, task complexity manipulation, and language proficiency level play a role in learners’ interactions. To this end, 128 EFL learners from two different language proficiency levels carried out t...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Electron. Trans. Artif. Intell.
دوره 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1997